Omar Al-Khayyam (1044-1123 C.E.)
Ghiyath al Din Abul Fateh Omar Ibn Ibraahim Al Khayyam, waxa uu ku dhashay magaalada Nishapur oo ah magaalo madaxda Gobolka Khurasan la odhan jiray, waxayna taariikhyahannadu sheegaan in khabiirkani dhashay sannadkii 1044-kii.
Wuxuu ahaa khabiir Beershiyaan ah oo xisaabta, xidigiska, falsafada, dhakhtarnimada guud iyo gabayada lagu yaqaan. Waxa uu ku caan ahaa magaca Omar Khayyam oo ahaa soo-bandhighii.
Inkastoo dusha looga yaqaanay inuu ahaa nin Beershiyaan ah, haddana waxa uu ahaa nin ka soo jeeda qaba’ilaadka la yidhaa Khayyami oo asal ahaan degi jiray dhulka Beershiya. Noloshiisii horena wax yar baa laga yaqaanay aan ka ahayn inuu ahaa nin wax ku bartay Nishapur, kuna noolaa halkaas, halka intii kale ee noloshiisa ugu badnaydna uu ku noola dhulka Samarqand.
Marka laga yimaado fursada uu haystay, haddana muu jeclayn in laga shaqaalaysiyo maxkamada boqortooyada, balse wuxuu u heelanaa inuu si degenaansho ah u raadsado cilmiga uu doonayo.
Sidaa darteed, wuxuu u safray degaannada xarumaha u ahaa cilmiga barashadisia sida a Samarqand, Bukhara, Balkkh iyo Isphahan si uu waxbarashadiisa ugu sii kordhiyo, una arko culimada waaweyn ee cilmigu biyo-dhigay. Intii uu joogay degaanka Samarqand, waxa uu caawimo ka helay khabiir la odhan jiray Abu Tahir, waxaana la sheegay in Khayyam uu ku dhintay meesha la yidhaah Nishapur ilaa sannadkii 1232-kii.
Dhacdooyinkii siyaasadeed ee qarnigii 11 jiray waxxay door weyn ka ciyaareen nolosha khabiir Khayyam. Qoomiyada amma qaba’ilaadka Seljuq Turks oo qabsaday Koonfurta/Gableed ee Eeshiya qarnigii 11aad, kadibna halkaas ka aasaasay boqortooyo degaannada Mesopotamia, Syria, Falastiin iyo meelo badan oo Iran ka mid ah.
Sidoo kale Seljuq waxay qabsadeen deegaan cawseedka loo yaqaanay Khorasan, markii dambe ee taariikhdu ahayd intii u dhaxaysay 1038 iyo 1040 waxay qabsadeen dhammaan waqooyiga bari ee Iran. Saljuq waxa xukumi jiray nin la odhan jiray Toghril Beg oo isu yaqaanay Sultan, kaasoo 1038kii qabsaday Nishapur, aakhirkiina Baqdad galay markay taariikhdu ahayd 1055. Waxay ahayd dhibaatooyinka iyo xaaladan millateri ee aan degenayn mida uu ku koray khabiir Khayyam ee uu haddana ka midho-dhaliyey cilmiga uu doonaayey ee uu u haraadana…. La soco…
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