Hargeisa (ANN)-Somaliland the entire country is celebrating May 18th with
There are several countries that have expressed in different approaches to Somaliland’s quest for statehood and recognition on the global stage. The nation’s most notable in this context include Djibouti, Ethiopia, Kenya, and Somalia.
Djibouti:
This small, strategically located country, which shares a border with Somaliland, has a particularly adversarial stance toward Somaliland’s aspirations for independence. Djibouti’s government has consistently articulated its position at various international meetings and forums, emphatically asserting that Somaliland cannot be recognized as an independent entity and must be regarded as part of Somalia. The root of Djibouti’s opposition appears to stem from economic considerations. Specifically, the Berbera Port in Somaliland holds significant potential for trade, especially for Ethiopia, which relies heavily on access to ports for its imports and exports. Djibouti fears that recognizing Somaliland could undermine its own strategic position and economic benefits derived from being a transit hub for Ethiopian trade. President Ismail Guelleh of Djibouti has been notably candid about his stance, famously declaring in an interview, “I would be the last one to support recognition of Somaliland if all 193 countries in the world were to do so.” His remarks highlight that his opposition is not merely a matter of political rivalry but is intricately linked to the broader economic interests and geopolitical dynamics of the region.
Through this lens, Djibouti’s rejection of Somaliland’s statehood is rooted in a complex interplay of strategic concerns, economic competition, and regional stability, making it a key player in the discourse surrounding Somaliland’s future.
2. Ethiopia and Kenya
The two countries appear to support Somaliland’s quest for international recognition, although they seem to be biding their time before taking a more definitive stance. Both nations oppose the union between British Somaliland and Italian Somalia that took place in 1960. They advocate for the notion that Somaliland and Somalia should exist as distinct and separate entities rather than as a unified state. This perspective reflects their belief that a divided approach would better serve the interests and identities of the people in both regions.
The late former President of Kenya, Daniel arap Moi, was very clear and firm in his stance against the idea of a “Greater Somalia” a pan-Somali nationalist project aimed at unifying all Somali-inhabited regions in the Horn of Africa, including parts of Ethiopia (the Somali Region), Kenya (North Eastern Province), and Djibouti, alongside Somalia.
During his presidency, Moi aligned closely with Ethiopia, especially under Mengistu Haile Mariam, to counteract Somali expansionism promoted under Siad Barre’s regime in Somalia. Both Kenya and Ethiopia viewed the Greater Somalia ambition as a direct threat to their territorial integrity and national sovereignty.
3. The Villa-Somalia Perspective
The situation surrounding the Federal Republic of Somalia has been complicated and fraught with challenges since its inception. While the aspiration for a unified nation known as Somalia persists, this ideal lacks a solid foundation in contemporary realities. The historical context of the failed union in 1960 serves as a reminder of the difficulties that have plagued the region; it is a chapter of history that cannot simply be revived.
In contrast, Somaliland restated its independence from Somalia in 1991, marking a pivotal moment in its history. Since then, Somaliland has made significant strides in establishing a stable government and implementing a unique democratic system that sets it apart from the chaos that has characterized much of Somalia over the past 34 years. This contrast highlights the successes of Somaliland in creating a peaceful and functioning state, in stark contrast to the ongoing turmoil faced by the Somalia regions. i
All in all
The diverse responses from these countries highlight the intricate geopolitical dynamics that influence Somaliland’s pursuit of international recognition and statehood. Each nation’s stance is shaped by its own strategic interests, historical ties, and regional considerations, reflecting the broader complexities of international politics. As Somaliland navigates its identity and aspirations on the global stage, it becomes evident that a more nuanced and comprehensive dialogue is essential. This dialogue must address not only the legal and political aspects of its status but also the implications for regional stability, economic development, and diplomatic relations with other states. Engaging in such conversations can encourage a better understanding of Somaliland’s unique situation and contribute to more constructive international engagement.
ENG. ABDI ALI BARKHAD
Independent Political Analyst
tra50526@gmail.com 21/5/2025
Engineer Abdi Ali Barkhad is a retired Somali electrical engineer, political analyst, and writer based in Hargeisa, Somaliland. He is recognised for his comprehensive commentary on the politics of the Horn of Africa and international relations. Barkhad has published numerous articles analysing current policies in the region.